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7. TRENDS IN HEALTH STATUS
7.1 Life expectancy
The life
expectancy at birth for both sexes increased from 56.1 in 1991 to 64.9 in
2002; male life expectancy has increased from 56.5 years in 1991 to 64.5
years in 2002 and female life expectancy increased from 55.7 years to 65.4
years during the same period. The gap
between male and female life expectancies has narrowed from 0.8 years in 1991
to 0.4 years in 2002 (SVRS 2002). The
gap between urban and rural life expectancy is also narrowing. The main
reason for the rise in life expectancy is the decline in infant and child
mortality due to the successful implementation of the immunization programme
as well as disease control programmes such as those for ARI and diarrhoeal disease.
In
Bangladesh, Healthy life expectancy at birth was 54.3 years in 2002 with 55.3
years for male and 53.3 years for female (The World Health Report 2004).
Related Links Director
General of Health Service Life
Expectancy – WHO/HQ Statistics – WHO/HQ
7.2 Mortality
Between
1991 and 2003, the infant mortality rate (IMR)
has declined from 87 to 53 per 1,000 live births (BBSSVRS 2003). Under-five
mortality rate is 76 per 1,000 live births in 2002 (BDHS 2004)) and the
maternal mortality ratio (MMR)
declined from 470 in 1991 to 380 per 100,000 live births in 2002 (BBSSVRS
2003). Though mortality rates have declined, infant and maternal mortality
are still high.
Related Links Director
General of Health Service Statistics – WHO/HQ Mortality Statistics
Main causes of Mortality in Bangladesh are given below:
|
Diseases
|
% of all deaths
|
|
Pneumonia
|
13.53
|
|
Diarrhoea
|
6.26
|
|
Respiratory failure
|
7.49
|
|
Hypertension disease
|
4.05
|
|
Accidental Poisoning by others
|
3.77
|
|
Pregnancy
|
3.74
|
|
Malaria
|
3.69
|
|
Intra-cerebral and other
health problems
|
3.00
|
|
Acute myocardial infarction
|
2.54
|
|
Anaemia
|
NA
|
Cancer Control
Programme
The cancer control programme was
started in 1982 as a low-scale non-communicable disease programme. The National Institute of Cancer Research
and Hospital currently carries out institutional services and research
activities. The hospital is capable of
providing operative, pathological and endoscopical
examination facilities to cancer patients.
The present bed capacity of the Cancer Institute
Hospital is limited,
but there is plan for gradual expansion and introduction of other relevant
facilities.
7.3 Morbidity
Ten most common causes of morbidity in
hospitals in Bangladesh
during 1997
|
Diseases
|
% of all cases
|
|
Diarrhoea
|
15.90
|
|
Intestinal worm
|
7.38
|
|
Skin diseases
|
9.3
|
|
Anaemia
|
9.92
|
|
Acute Respiratory Infections
|
6.1
|
|
Deficiency diseases
|
6.63
|
|
Eye diseases
|
4.36
|
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Injuries
|
4.35
|
|
Ear diseases
|
3.28
|
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Asthma
|
2.31
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There has been an overall decline in morbidity during the
period of reporting. Morbidity is mainly due to infectious, parasitic and
vector-borne diseases. Some information on morbidity is available from a
sample survey conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
However, routine reporting of disease incidence is non-existent or patchy at
best, and disease surveillance has not been fully established.
Related Links WHO Bangladesh
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