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4.
HEALTH RESOURCES
4.1 Human resources for health
The
number of physicians has been decreasing from 1999 to 2001 (from 31,603 in
1999 to 26,917 in 2001). Similar is the case with other medical graduates,
as well as nursing paramedics (Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2003).
Related Links Human Resources Human
Resources – WHO/HQ
4.2 Financial resources for health
The
main sources of finance are public, private, and out-of-pocket expenses by
individual families, social security and external funding.
During 2003, Total Expenditure on Health (THE) as a
percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 2.8 percent; Public
Expenditure on Health (PHE) as a percentage of Total Expenditure on Health
(THE) was 34 percent; Private Expenditure on Health (PvtHE)
as a
percentage of Total Expenditure on Health (THE) was 66 percent.
In 2003, the private sector expenditure on health out of
total health expenditure was 66 percent, whereas the general government
health expenditure (GGHE) was 34 percent. The net out-of-pocket spending on
health was 74 percent of total private expenditure on health. Further,
during the same period, social security expenditure on health as a
percentage of GGHE was 10 percent.
4.3 Physical infrastructure for health
Government
efforts in providing health facilities, such as hospitals, public health
centres and public health sub-centres, have been increasing. The number of
hospitals nationally has increased from 1,145 in 2001 to 1,215 in 2002. The
number of hospital beds has also increased from 124,834 in 2001 to 130,214
in 2002. There are 0.6 beds per 1000 population.
The
number of public health facilities has also increased from 7,235 units in
2001 to 7,309 units in 2002; the number of public health sub-centres has
increased from 21,587 units in 2001 to 21,790 units in 2002; and the number
of moving public health centres was 5,638 in 2002 (Statistical Yearbook of
Indonesia 2003).
Related Links Medical care
4.4 Essential drugs and other supplies
There is a National Agency for Drug and Food Control,
which is not part of the Ministry of Health. The National Agency is, among
others, responsible for the registration of medicines and medical supplies
and inspection of manufacturers. The agency can, upon request and provided a
justification is given, authorizes the importation in Indonesia of drugs and medical supplies that
are not registered in Indonesia.
The National agency has branch offices in most of the provinces.
Accessibility
of medicines in Indonesia
is through pharmaceutical wholesalers and dispensaries. From 1998 to 2002,
the number of pharmaceutical wholesalers was continuously increasing. In
addition, the number of dispensaries also increased from 5,471 units in
1998 to 7,139 units in 2002 (Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2003).
Related Links Pharmacology Essential Medicine – WHO/INO EDM - WHO/SEARO EDM – WHO/HQ
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