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7. TRENDS IN HEALTH STATUS
Related Links Burden of Disease - WHO/HQ
7.1 Life expectancy
The Life Expectancy at birth for males has increased from
57.9 years in 1990 to 64.3 years in 2002. Similarly the Life Expectancy at
birth for females has increased from 61.5 years in 1990 to 68.2 years in
2002. Expectation of life at birth in Indonesia was
58.1 years in 2002 and 69 years in 2005. (Selected Indicators of Indonesia: Badan Pusat, June 2006 and WHO
Geneva, The World Health Report 2005).
Related links Life Expectancy – WHO/HQ Healthy Life Expectancy 2002 – WHO/HQ
7.2 Mortality
The IMR in Indonesia
decreased from 128 per 1,000 live births in 1960 to 68 between 1986 and 1991,
and to 35 per 1,000 live births between 1998 and 2002 and in 2005 it is 32.
(IDHS 2002-03 and Selected Indicators of Indonesia: Badan
Pusat, June 2006).The under-5 mortality rate for
the period 1988-92 was 79, which has come down to 46 during 1998-2002. (DHS
2002-03).
Analysis of results of Indonesia DHS 1994 showed that the
maternal mortality ratio for the five-year period prior to the survey
(approximately 1990-94) was 390 deaths per 100,000 births. Analysis of
unpublished data from the IDHS 1997 implied a slight decline to 334 deaths
per 100,000 births for the period 1993-97. The maternal mortality ratio of
307 measured in IDHS 2002-03 seems to add to the evidence of decline.
However, figures from all surveys are subject to high sampling errors and the
95 percent confidence intervals surrounding the figures overlap, making it
difficult to conclude with confidence that there has been any decline in the
level of maternal mortality over the past 10-15 years in Indonesia.
Main causes of mortality: The three main causes of infant
mortality in 1995 were acute respiratory infections (ARIs),
perinatal complications and diarrhoea.
Together, these three accounted for 75 percent of infant deaths. By 2001,
this pattern had not changed much, with the main causes of death in children
younger than one year of age being perinatal
causes, followed by ARIs, diarrhoea,
neonatal tetanus and digestive tract and neural diseases. The main causes of
death among children aged under five are similar (ARI, diarrhoea,
neural diseases – including meningitis and encephalitis – and
typhoid).Malaria and malnutrition are also underlying causes of child
mortality.
The National Household Health Survey (2001) estimated the
malaria-specific death rate at 11 per 100,000 for men and eight per 100,000
for women.
Using mathematical models, the WHO estimated the death
rate from tuberculosis nationally in 1998 as 68 per 100,000 people. Mortality- Indonesia Statistics
Indonesia
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