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1. TRENDS
IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Indonesia
has made substantial progress, particularly in stabilizing political and
economic conditions. During the period 1968-86, per capita income increased
sharply from US $ 50 in 1968 to US $ 385 in 1986, mainly due to oil boom in
the early 1980s. In 1996, the per
capita income had risen to US $ 1124, driven by alternative sources of income
such as manufacturing, international trade and services, etc.
National Socio-Economic Survey, 2002, showed that in the
past 32 years, Indonesia
has undergone a major improvement in the area of education. The literacy rate among persons aged 10
years and above has increased from 61 percent in 1971 to 91 percent in
2002. School attendance among children
aged 7-12 years has increased from 62 percent in 1971 to 96 percent in 2002
for males, and from 58 percent in 1971 to 97 percent in 2002 for females.
Health law No. 23 enacted in 1992 provides a legal basis
for the health sector activities. It
stipulated the goals of the health programmes to
increase awareness, willingness and ability of everyone to live a healthy
life. The law emphasized the
decentralization of operational responsibility and authority to the local
level as a prerequisite for successful and sustainable development.
In the second 25-year development plan (1994-2019),
economic and human development is identified as the key to national
development and self-reliance.
Following the National Guidelines on state policy issued
in 1993, strategy was adopted to improve the health and nutritional status of
the population by improving the quality of health services to all, and to
promote a healthy life style with adequate housing and environmental
sanitation.
The government of Indonesia places great emphasis
on intersectoral coordination, joint responsibility
of local government and the community, region-specific programmes,
targeting of vulnerable groups, and building strong information and
communication programme.
Related Links Health Policy - WHO/INO
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